They are all boards from external modems.
The top picture shows a data connector that used to be used for some modems. It may look some what like an old keyboard plug (AT sytle), but those only had 5 pins - that one has 8 pins (as did the data ports). It has a speaker, what looks to be an on/off switch and the phone line connector.
The others all look like modems as well. There were parallel port, data port, 9 pin com port connectors, etc. The other stuff is the power supply input, phone connector etc.
Rockwell and Lucent used to make a lot of chip sets for modems. All those have one of those chips.